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Objective:To investigate the neurobiochemical metabolites of caudate nucleus and thalamus in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Methods:From April 2019 to January 2022 in Beijing Anding Hospital, totally 25 untreated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were recruited, and 20 healthy controls matched with gender, age and educational background were recruited for the study.The maps of neurobiochemical metabolites of patients and normal controls were collected by hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.With bilateral caudate nucleus and thalamus as brain regions of interest.The relative concentrations of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), glutamic acid (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were fitted by LCModel software.At the same time, the clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated with Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA). SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent double sample t-test was used to compare the differences of different nerve biochemical metabolite concentrations between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders and healthy controls.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between biochemical metabolite concentrations and clinical symptoms. Results:The Glu concentration in the left thalamus of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.97±0.41) was higher than that of the control group (3.66±0.55)( t=-2.11, P<0.05), while the NAA concentration was (4.87±0.47)lower than that of the control group (5.15±0.44)( t=2.05, P<0.05). The GABA concentrations in the right caudate nucleus (0.50±0.18) and thalamus (0.80±0.19) were lower than those in the control group ((0.63±0.23), (0.96±0.24))( t=2.08, 2.36, both P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Glu concentration in the left caudate nucleus of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder was positively correlated with the total score of Y-BOCS( r=0.46, P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Glu concentration in the right caudate nucleus was positively correlated with the total score of HAMA in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( r=0.46, P<0.05). Conclusion:NAA, Glu and GABA metabolism in caudate nucleus and thalamus are abnormal in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Glu concentration is positively correlated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms.
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BACKGROUND@#Amygdala plays an important role in the neurobiological basis of panic disorder (PD), and the amygdala contains different subregions, which may play different roles in PD. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are common or distinct patterns of functional connectivity of the amygdala subregions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and to explore the relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the regions of interest (ROIs) and the clinical symptoms of PD patients.@*METHODS@#Fifty-three drug-naïve, non-comorbid PD patients and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses were conducted using the bilateral amygdalae and its subregions as the ROI seed. Two samples t test was performed for the seed-based Fisher's z -transformed correlation maps. The relationship between the abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity patterns of the ROIs and the clinical symptoms of PD patients was investigated by Pearson correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#PD patients showed increased rsFC of the bilateral amygdalae and almost all the amygdala subregions with the precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus compared with the HC group (left amygdala [lAMY]: t = 4.84, P <0.001; right amygdala [rAMY]: t = 4.55, P <0.001; left centromedial amygdala [lCMA]: t = 3.87, P <0.001; right centromedial amygdala [rCMA]: t = 3.82, P = 0.002; left laterobasal amygdala [lBLA]: t = 4.33, P <0.001; right laterobasal amygdala [rBLA]: t = 4.97, P <0.001; left superficial amygdala [lSFA]: t = 3.26, P = 0.006). The rsFC of the lBLA with the left angular gyrus/inferior parietal lobule remarkably increased in the PD group ( t = 3.70, P = 0.003). And most of the altered rsFCs were located in the default mode network (DMN). A significant positive correlation was observed between the severity of anxiety and the rsFC between the lSFA and the left precuneus in PD patients ( r = 0.285, P = 0.039).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our research suggested that the increased rsFC of amygdala subregions with DMN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Future studies may further explore whether the rsFC of amygdala subregions, especially with the regions in DMN, can be used as a biological marker of PD.
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Humans , Panic Disorder , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Amygdala , Gyrus Cinguli , ComorbidityABSTRACT
The etiology and pathological mechanism of panic disorder (PD) are still unclear, which hinders the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment. In order to clarify the pathogenesis, biological diagnostic markers, curative effect prediction of PD, and ultimately provide a basis for individualized treatment, this article reviews the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research on PD in the past 5 years in conjunction with the hypothesis of the " fear network model" . It is found that the brain function and structural abnormalities of PD patients are not limited to the classic " fear network model" , but also a wider range of brain areas such as the cingulate gyrus, fronto-temporal cortex, insula, striatum, thalamus, sensorimotor related brain regions and cerebellum, together with classic brain regions such as the amygdala, form an expanded fear network. Among them, the amygdala, insula, medial prefrontal lobe, somato-motor network (SMN) and cerebellum are specific brain areas that differentiate PD from other anxiety disorders. The changes in the activity of the frontal lobe-limbic loop included in the fear network model can predict the treatment outcome of different methods for PD. This article improved the fear network hypothesis of PD, and more accurately identifies the biological indicators that can be used for accurate diagnosis and efficacy prediction of PD, which lays the foundation for the ultimate realization of personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Objective To develop a simple,multi-dimensional self-screening questionnaire for som-atoform symptoms(SQSS). Methods Based on theoretical framework,the study developed the items of the questionnaire. The first draft of the questionnaire was screened through the expert evaluation method. Four groups of 359 subjects were selected to test the reliability and validity of questionnaire. Results The explor-atory factor analysis showed that the four factors(somatic symptoms,negative perception,illness behavior and social function) were extracted and the interpretable percentage of variance was 61. 165%. The correlation between the subscales and the total scales was 0. 740-0. 887,and the correlation coefficient between the sub-scales was 0. 503-0. 625. The Crobanch's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0. 926,and the Spearman-Brown score of the questionnaire was 0. 868. The retest correlation coefficient of the total scale was 0. 876. A cutoff of 23 points in the SQSS was identified for screening somatoform disorders, and the sensitivity was 0. 880 and the specificity was 0. 606. Conclusion SQSS has good reliability and validity,and can be prelim-inarily used as a self-screening tool for patients with somatoform symptoms or disorders in clinical settings.
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Objective :To construct the small interfering RNA(siRNA) eukaryotic expression vectors of human ClC-2 gene. Methods: According to the program and principles of DEQOR about designing siRNA,two pairs ClC-2 mRNA-targeted hairpin siRNA were devised,and the two pairs complemantary oligonucleotide strands of DNA fragments that encoded the above siRNA were synthesized by chemosynthesis.After annealing of the complementary strands,the DNA fragments were connected to the polyclone sites of plasmid eukaryotic expression vector pSUPER.puro that was cut by restriction endonuclease BglⅡ and HindⅢ,followed by transformation,amplification and plasmid extraction in E.coli,and finally,the two recombinant plasmids were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis by means of cutting with EcoRⅠand HindⅢ and by DNA sequence analysis.The plasmids were transfected transiently into human glioma cell line BT-325 cells by Lipofectamine~(TM)2000.The mRNA expression of ClC-2 gene was detected by(RT-PCR.) Results: The connections between the DNA fragments encoding ClC-2-targeted siRNA and the pSUPER.puro plasmid were correct,as confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing(analysis.) ClC-2 mRNA expression of the BT-325 cells transfected two recombinant vectors was(significantly) decreased.Conclusion: The two RNAi recombinant vectors of human ClC-2 gene were successfully constructed.They were named pSUPER.puro-siClC-21 and pSUPER.puro-siClC-22,respectively.This laid the groundwork for future research about ClC-2 gene affecting invasion and migration of human glioma cells.